土耳其官方犬俱樂部的坎高國際標準————终于被我译完了

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声明：本文根据“efendi2010”提供的“土耳其官方犬俱樂部的坎高國際標準" 原文翻译，本人并不知道原文是否为土耳其坎高犬官方俱乐部标准。亦不对翻译中所出现的错负任何责任。一下为全文翻译

GENERAL APPEARANCE AND CHARACTER
外形与特点
The Kangal is a molossus type dog. Its constitution is robust, even rough. Compact body is covered with thick hair. Body is of rectangular shape. Height: Height at the withers is 65-78 cm with +/- 2 cm tolerance.Important proportions: Head length is 39-40% of height at the withers. Skull length is 56-60% of head length. Profile lines of the nozzle and the skull are divergent. Body length is 10-12% greater than height at the withers.Temperament: Harsh while guarding the entrusted property or flock, otherwise benign and of a peaceful temperament, bold and dignified. Loyal to the master and completely calm in his presence. Fearless and unbribable.
坎高牧羊犬一种是身体庞大类型的狗。其体格是强壮的，甚至是粗壮的。浓密的毛发覆盖在强壮的身体上。身体呈长方形的形状。其肩高65-78厘米，误差为 +- 2厘米。头长是肩高39-40％。头骨的长度是头长的56-60％。鼻子和头骨的轮廓线是分散的。身体要比比要比肩长10-12％。特点是在在守卫的委托财产或羊群时比较凶狠，除此之外，它是温和的，同时，它又是胆大和高贵的，忠于主人，并在主人面前完全温和。它也是无所畏惧的。
1. HEAD
1、头
1.1. Skull:
1.1 颅骨
must not be flat. Should be rounded from all sides. Orbital arches are visible but are not overly pronounced. The furrow in the forehead is visible, but not deep. Occiput is visible but not overly expressed. Head width is 52-57% of head length. Length of the skull along the longitudinal axis is greater than width of the skull along the transversal axis. The skull gradually narrows towards the facial region.
头骨凸起而整个又是个圆面。整个骨架是可见的，但不会过于明显。额头上的沟，是可见的，但不深。枕骨是可见的，但不很突出。头宽是头长的52-57％。沿纵轴的头骨的长度大于宽度沿横向轴的头骨。颅骨在靠近面部区域逐渐缩小。
1.2. Stop:
1.2 站立
stop angle is well over 90 degrees. Stop is clear but not overly pronounced.
站立的角度超过90度。站立起来很明显，但又不过于明显。
1.3. Muzzle:
鼻口
is shorter than the skull. Nozzle length is 40-44% of head length. Nozzle width in the area where skull region turns to nozzle region is 24-38% of head length. Muzzle depth in that area is 32-36% of head length. Muzzle is in the shape of a blunt wedge that is lightly tapering towards the nose. Nozzle line from stop towards the nose is gently sloped.
鼻口比头骨短。嘴长度是头长的40-44％。嘴宽度在头骨区域靠近嘴地区的地方是头长的24-38％。鼻口在这一领域的深度是头长的32-36％。口鼻呈钝楔的形状，靠近鼻子的地方逐渐变小。嘴靠近鼻子的地方逐渐倾斜。
1.4. Nose:
鼻子
must not be above or under the nozzle line. It must be large with nostrils of sufficient size. Nose and the inner side of the nostrils must be pigmented. All dogs should have dark pigmentation.
鼻子绝不能高于或喷嘴线下。它必须有足够大小的鼻孔大。鼻子和鼻孔的内侧必须色素。所有的狗都应该有深色的色素沉着。
1.5. Lips:
嘴唇
must be well adhering to the bone basis. Are of medium thickness. The upper lip slightly overhangs over the lower lip. Joining of the lips is weakly pronounced. Lower lip must be tight, well-adhering to the lower jaw, and must not be hanging. Edges and mucous membranes of the lips must be pigmented.
嘴唇很好地附着在骨上，是中等厚度。上唇下唇稍微出挑。合起来的嘴唇是弱突出。下唇必须拧紧，附在下颚，并没有悬挂。嘴唇边缘有粘膜和色素。
1.6. Jaws/Teeth:
颌/牙齿
Jaws must be well developed and powerful. Teeth are regularly arranged in the jaws. Powerful teeth. Scissors bite, pincer bite or reverse scissors bite are accepted. Lack of first premolars (P1) does not affect the assessment.
颌得到很好的发育并很有力。牙齿有规律地排列在颌上。强大的牙齿，剪状咬合，钳咬或反向剪咬交错。第一次磨牙（P1）的缺乏并不影响价值。
1.7. Eyes:
眼睛
large, almond-shaped. Neither bulging nor sunken. Eye color must be in accordance with hair color. Darker eyes are more desirable. Eyelids adhere to the eyeballs tightly. Eyelid rims should be pigmented. Gaze should be calm and fearless.
眼睛很大，杏仁形。既不鼓鼓的，也不凹陷。眼睛的颜色与头发的颜色很一致。较深的眼睛是更可取的。眼睑紧紧附在眼球。眼睑轮廓应该是色素。目光冷静又无畏。
1.8. Ears:
耳朵
are set at the height of an imaginary line that connects the tip of the nose with the inner corner of the eyelids, or slightly lower. Ears are triangular in shape. Hair color on the ears is preferred to be the same as hair color of the mask. Front edge of the ears, if not cropped, should overlap the head.
耳朵在一个与连接鼻尖与内眼角一条线上的位置，眼睑在略低的高度。耳朵是三角形的。耳朵上的头发颜色是首选面具的头发颜色相同。耳朵的前沿，如果不裁剪，会盖住头部。
2. NECK
颈部
Of medium length, 35-40% of height at the withers. Upper line of the neck is slightly rounded, while the lower line is straight. The angle that the neck forms with a horizontal line should be 35-40 degrees. The neck is merging to the body and head without sharp transitions. Skin on the neck must be tightly attached to the muscular base. No dewlap.
颈部是中等长度，是肩高的35-40％。略圆的脖子上线，而较低的线是直的。颈部与水平线形成的角度应该是35-40度。脖子被合并的身体和头部，没有尖锐的过渡。脖子上的皮肤，必须紧紧地贴在肌肉上。没有赘肉。
3. BODY
身体
3.1. General appearance:
外观
the body must not be squat in appearance. It must be muscular, well connected and balanced. Body length is 10-12% greater than height at the withers. It is a breed characteristics that the dogs are high at the rear, as the rump is up to 4% higher than the withers. Back line, form the withers to the rump is not straight, but slightly sagging. Midpoint of the back is 4-5% lower than the withers.
在外观上，身体不能蹲。但是它得肌肉很发达，很紧凑和平衡。身长度超过肩高10-12％。这是一个狗的品种特性，在后方，臀部是高达4％，超过肩高。后卫线，形成马肩隆到臀部不直，但略有下垂。后面的中部比肩低4-5％。
3.2. Withers:
肩
Powerful, well connected and mildly prominent.
很有力，很紧凑，中部突出。
3.3. Top line:
顶线
must be strong and broad, not too long. In motion, top line should be as still as possible.
很强壮很宽广，但不长。在运动中，顶线能保持一致。
3.4. Thoracic section of the back:
胸部的背面
Muscular, powerful, well connected to the withers and loins.
肌肉发达，功能强大，连接到肩和腰
3.5. Loins:
腰
Powerful, short, may be a bit longer in *****es. Observed from the side, slightly convex. Muscular, well connected to the thoracic section of the back and croup.
发达而短的，可能是时间长一点，在***** es。从侧面观察，稍凸。肌肉发达，链接胸节的背部和臀部。
3.6. Croup:
臀部
Of medium length, 30-35% of height at the withers. Muscular, well connected to the loins. Croup line and horizontal line form an angle of 25-30 degrees.
中等长度，肩高30-35％。肌肉发达，连接到腰部。臀部线和水平线，形成25-30度角。
3.7. Ribcage:
胸腔
must be spacious. Ribcage circumference is 10-15% larger than the height at the withers. Chest depth is 33-45% of height at the withers. Chest width (measured behind the shoulder blades) is 27-37% of height at the withers. Ribs are powerful and never barrel shaped.
blades) is 27-37% of height at the withers. Ribs are powerful and never barrel shaped.
很宽敞。胸腔围肩高10-15％，比较大。胸深，肩高33-45％。胸宽（背后肩胛骨），肩高27-37％。肋骨是强大的，决不呈桶状。
3.8. Chest:
胸部
muscular and strong. Tip of the chest bone is at 65-75% of height at the withers.
胸部肌肉结实。能提升胸骨，比肩高65-75％。
3.9. Bottom line and belly:
底线和腹部
Belly is slightly recessed. Bottom line slowly rises from the sternum profile to the hips.
腹部稍微凹进。底线从胸骨慢慢上升到臀部。

4. TAIL
尾巴
Upper line of the tail forms a continuous line with the croup line. Ideally the tail set should be level with the height of the croup, but it may also be 5-10% lower (than height of the croup). Tails is very powerful at the base, while its thickness gradually decreases towards the tip. When relaxed, it reaches the hock hanging down vertically, though it appears shorter as it is slightly curved at the tip. Curvature of the last third can be so strong that it can form a circle. In action preferably the tail is carried higher than the back line forming a circle. (This circle may also touch the medial line of the back, may be carried behind the back without touching it or may be carried almost vertical with the last third forming the circle at the tip.) Curved tail shouldn’t be carried on the side of the body below the back line.
尾巴的上线，形成与臀线的连续线。一条理想的尾巴应该与臀部的高度水平一致，但它也可能是低5-10％（低于臀部的高度）。尾巴是非常强大的基地，而其厚度逐渐降低对尖。当放松，达到飞节垂直悬挂下来，尽管它似乎短，因为它的尖端是稍微弯曲。最后三分之一的曲率可以如此强大，它可以形成一个圆圈。在行动上，尾巴高于背线形成一个圆圈。 （这个圈子里，也可能触及背部内侧线，可进而不触及它背后的背面，或可进行最后形成尖端圈的第三几乎是垂直的）。
5. LIMBS
肢体
5.1. Forequarters:
前躯
Bones of forequarters are powerful. The carpal circumference is 20-22 cm. Muscles are lean and hard. Forequarters are parallel. Elbow height is 50-55% of height at the withers.
前躯骨骼是强大的。腕围是20-22厘米。肌肉很瘦而坚硬。前躯是平行的。肘部高度是肩高的50-55％。
5.1.1. Shoulders:
肩部
Of medium length, adheres to the body well. Forms an angle of 45-55 degrees with the horizontal. Shoulder angle is 90-110 degrees.
中等长度附着在身体。形成了一个与水平45-55度的角。肩角为90-110度。
5.1.2. Upper legs:
大腿
Must be muscular and strong. Leans to the body. Upper legs are parallel.
很有力很强壮。斜靠在身体上。大腿是平行的。
5.1.3. Lower legs:

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小腿
Bones are strong and muscles are well developed. Elbow is located in the line that is parallel to the medial vertical plane of the body. Elbow angle is 110-130 degrees. Elbows should be kept very tight to the body and shouldn’t be loose.
骨骼结实而肌肉发达。肘部位于身体内侧垂直平面平行的线。肘关节角度为110-130度。肘部使保持身体很紧，没有松弛。
5.1.4. Front feet:
前脚
Located at the extension of the vertical line of the lower leg. Must be strong and well connected.
位于小腿垂直线的延伸部位，有强壮而有力。
5.1.5. Front pastern:
前脚腕
Observed from the front, pasterns are located on the vertical line that passes through the lower leg axis. It forms an angle of 20-30 degrees with the vertical.
从前面观察，脚腕的位置位于小腿轴传递的垂直线，形成20-30度与垂直的角度。
5.1.6. Paws:
爪子
Roundish. Fingers must be strong, rounded, and not splayed. Nails are pigmented darkly. In dogs with lighter hair color, nails should be lighter. Cushions must be elastic, full, firm, and pigmented. Swimming skin is developed.
呈圆形。脚趾非常坚实，圆形，不张开。指甲色素黑暗。在毛发的颜色较浅的狗，脚趾应该很亮。爪子垫必须有弹性，饱满，结实，有色素。
5.2. Hind quarters:
后部
parallel relative to each other. They must be strong, but not too heavy. Stance must be regular, with adequate angles.
相互平行相对。都很强壮，但是又不太重。姿势很有规则，而且角度合适。，有足够的角度。
5.2.1. Loins:
腰部
wide, muscular and powerful. Length of the loins is 33% of height at the withers. Loins are parallel respective to each other, as well as to medial axis of the body. Loins form an angle of 55-75 degrees with the horizontal.
腰部很宽，肌肉发达而有力。腰部长度是肩高的33％。腰平行各自向对方，以及身体的中轴。腰部形成一个水平的55-75度的角。
5.2.2. Lower leg:
小腿
Muscular, strong. Lower legs are parallel relative to each other. Lower legs form an angle of 110-145 degrees with the upper leg (knee).
肌肉发达，强壮。小腿平行彼此相对。小腿形成一个与上腿（膝）110-145度角。
5.2.3. Hock:
踝关节
Must be firm and wide and end at the rear pastern harmonically. Height of the hock (from the ground level to the joint) is 25-35% of height at the withers. Hock angle is 120-150 degrees.
很结实和宽大，很好的结合在后骹上。踝关节的高度（从地面水平的结合处）比肩高25-35％。踝关节角度为120-150度。
5.2.4. Rear pastern:
后方骹
Strong and well developed. Height varies depending on height of the hock. Presence of dewclaws is possible.
强大而发达。高度根据踝关节的高度而变化。上爪的存在是可能的。
5.2.5. Rear feet:
后脚
A bit more elongated than the front feet, other characteristics identical with those of the front feet.
比前脚要长一点，其他特征与前脚相似。
6. GAIT
步态
Gait must be elegant and harmonic. There should be no jerks or spasms in motion. Back line should be as still as possible during movement. Arching of the back during movement is not tolerated. Kangal's favorite gait is trot of medium length, while gallop is not characteristic. However, If the dog gallops, then the jumps are long but the gallop is stolid. Final grade of dogs with bad gait should be lowered regardless of the exterior.
步态很是优雅和和谐。在运动中应该没有抽搐或痉挛。在运动中后线应该尽可能保持不变。在运动过程中背部拱起，是不能容忍的。牧羊犬最喜爱的步态是小跑，中等长度或者奔跑不是它的特点。但是，如果狗急驰，然后跳的很长，但疾驰是不太可能的。不管它的外表，不良步态狗的最终成绩应该降低。
7. SKIN
皮肤
Of medium thickness, well adhering to the head and body. Must not form a dewlap. skin color depends on hair color, but skin must be pigmented.
中等厚度，很结实的附在头和身体上而没有形成赘肉。皮肤的颜色取决于头发的颜色，但皮肤必须有色素。
8. MUCOUS MEMBRANES
粘膜
All visible mucous membranes must be pigmented. Intensity and color of the pigmentation depend on color of the dog. Dark pigmentation is preferred with all accepted colors of the breed.
所有可以看见的粘膜必须是有色素的。强度和色素沉着的颜色取决于狗的颜色。黑暗的色素沉着是首选的品种都接受的颜色。
9. HAIR
毛发
Thick and lush. Covers the body well. A bit shorter on the head and legs than on the body. It should not be silky or thin. It should be firm. Undercoat is thick and finer than the upper coat. Length of hair at the withers is 3-7 cm, depending to the season.
毛发浓厚厚而郁郁葱葱，覆盖了整个身体。身体上的毛发比头部和腿部有点短。它不是丝质或薄，而是坚硬的。绒毛很厚，比上外套要细。肩上头发长度为3-7厘米，但是要取决于季节。
10. COLOR
颜色
Color should be from crème to dark gray in all nuances. Base white color is not allowed. Body is of a solid color. Lighter color is possible on the legs, with acceptable darker flecks or spots. Brindle is allowed but is not desirable. White color is allowed only on the chest and the tip of the tail, wherein the diameter of the white field on the chest is not larger than 10 cm. Presence of the mask on the head is obligatory. The mask should be black up to the eye level and lighter on the skull. Preferably the ears are black like the mask. Tip of the tail may be white or black, but colored in such way no longer than 5 cm, observed from the tip to the base.
在颜色的细微差别上，应该是从柔色到暗灰色。一般的白色是不可能的。身体是纯色。颜色较浅的腿，可以接受深色斑点。斑纹是可以的，但也是不可取的。只可能在胸部和尾尖有白色，其中在胸前的白色区域的直径不超过10厘米的。头部的覆盖物的存在是强制性的。这些覆盖物应该是在黑眼睛水平和较轻的头骨上。耳朵像黑色的覆盖物。从尾巴到整个身体来看，尾巴尖可能是白色或黑色的，但不会超过5厘米。
FAULTS:
缺点
Any departure of the foregoing points must be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree and its effect upon the health and welfare of the dog.
从上述任何对各点出发，必须考虑缺点。缺点或者严重性必须应当在考虑狗的健康和福利的程度和效果后确定合适的比例。
ELIMINATING FAULTS :
客服这些缺点
• Overshot and undershot bite, wry mouth
上颚和下颚咬，歪嘴。
• Monarchism
君主（霸道）
• Absence of more than 2 of the P2
？
• Absence of any teeth than P1 and P2
？
• ectropion, entropy
？
• Sable tail without the circle
没有卷圈的尾巴
• All hair colors than the above described.
？
• Aggressiveness
侵略性
• Colored and / or differently colored eyes.
有颜色或者不同颜色的眼睛

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中英文对照，有错误的地方，大家多修正

诚实做人

楼主辛苦了，翻译这么仔细，谢谢。

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诚实做人 发表于 2012-8-11 22:44
楼主辛苦了，翻译这么仔细，谢谢。

四十个人看，就兄台一个人顶，剩下那39个太没良心了，虽然翻译得有点烂，但是也花了一个下午啊

浏阳犬业

以后其他獒犬有英文版的文稿，本人尽量翻译，大家修改

非特

可惜没有图片，要不一定是精华

王者猛犬

楼主辛苦了，给论坛带来更丰富的知识，值得顶顶顶顶

T@T

这个得顶一个

jianghui307

太辛苦了，值得学习，顶一下。

a197922

{:5_139:}值得学习，顶一下。

365004191

{:4_90:}{:4_90:}{:4_90:}

浏阳犬业

哈哈，这么多顶，没白翻译啊

zhukezhen

浏阳犬业 发表于 2012-8-13 10:20
哈哈，这么多顶，没白翻译啊

平时都是用手机看帖子 不方便回复，，
LZ辛苦了 特地登上来帮顶一下！

训狗有方

论坛高人真多 ，国外留学回来的吧

efendi2010

刚看到，太有心了，感谢！

浏阳犬业

efendi2010 发表于 2012-8-13 11:43
刚看到，太有心了，感谢！

不客气，还得感谢你提供的原文

efendi2010

不用怀疑
这就是最标准的kangal标准～土耳其官方犬协制定的！

原种猪老板

可以直接拿翻译软件 一秒时间搞定的  。。。。

橡胶树

原种猪老板 发表于 2012-8-14 23:34
可以直接拿翻译软件 一秒时间搞定的  。。。。

网络时代真的什么都可以这么容易呀{:5_139:}