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关于母犬的繁殖—非常经典的繁殖文章
这篇文章来自著名的哈士奇繁殖者UTOPIALAND的DORIS写的关于母犬的繁殖。值得我们重新思考,什么叫做繁殖!~
作者:Utopialand Siberians Doris
翻译者: Jacools
在此悠然感谢翻译者的无私和辛勤劳动,为我们带来这样优秀的文章。
The motivation for me to write these articles are to remember my two beloved girls - Chrissy and Flame. Without them, I would not have had such the joy in the breeding world. I would not be able to meet so many people and some of them even become my friends now. And also, I would not be able to set and reach my goals.
我写这篇文章的目的就是记忆我的两只狗狗Chirssy和Flame。没有他们我在我的繁殖的世界里将没有任何的快乐。以致于不会碰到这么多人其中很多人已经成为了我的很好的朋友,也不会建立和达到我的目标。
“Quality, not Quantity” is a slogan that has been around for ages and always appears as many kennels’ motto but what does it really mean? Some breeders may interpret “Quantity” as the number of litters the breeder has in a year. In fact, it is difficult to determine whether the breeder improves the breed or not only based on the number of litters. I remember one of the USA breeders, who bred one of the greatest Siberian husky in the history – Am/Can Ch. Innisfree’s Sierra Cinner, once said, “You can’t improve the breed by not breeding”. My interpretation of Quality is the consistency of the producing in the breeding program.
“品质不是数量”而是很长时间作为狗舍的座右铭的口号,但是他真正的含义是什么呢?一些饲养人可能把“数量”翻译成为一年里有多少窝狗。事实上,很难界定繁殖者是否改善了他的品种或者只基于他有多少窝狗。我记得一个美国的繁殖者,他繁殖了历史上最棒的哈士奇Am/Can Ch. Innisfree’s Sierra Cinner
他曾经说过“你不可能在你不繁殖的情况下改良你的品种”。我的对品质的理解就是在繁殖过程中的连贯性的生产。
For example, Breeder A had 2 litters and produced 12 puppies in a year but only 1 puppy became a Champion, which means 8.3% of the producing is achieved by Breeder A. Breeder B had 4 litters and produced 15 puppies in a year but 6 puppies became Champions, which means that 40% of the producing is achieved by Breeder B. Hence Breeder B produced better and more consistent quality than Breeder A. Comparatively, Breeder A just breeds for “Quantity”.
举个例子:繁殖者A一年里有两窝狗生了12个崽,只有1个小狗赢了,就是说他的优秀率占了8.3%,繁殖者B一年里4窝狗繁殖了15只小崽,有6个小狗成为了冠军,也就是说繁殖者B的繁殖优秀率是40%。可见繁殖者B比繁殖者A的产出还有他的一贯的品质要好。比较而言繁殖者A只是繁殖了“数量”
How can we breed consistent quality in our breeding? Selecting a potential brood *** is the best interest of the breeder to produce consistent litters. I would like to show you my studies, research and experience for selecting a quality brood ***, the importance of a quality brood *** and how to produce a future quality brood *** through careful breeding plans and then achieve consistent quality in breeding.
我们如何在繁殖过程中繁殖出一贯很好的品质呢?选出一只有潜力血统的母犬是繁殖者为了产出好狗而最感兴趣的。我很愿意秀一下我对选一条好的种母的学习研究以及经验。好品质的种母和如何在将来繁殖好的种母的重要性在于通过精心的饲养计划并且在饲养过程中达到好的符合标准的品质。
1. Quality Brood ***
“Nothing in the world is as important to the breeding program as the selection of the breed ***.” – Born to Win, by Patricia V. Craige
Five points should be considered when selecting a quality brood or a foundation ***:
1. 优质的母犬
“世界上没有比在饲养过程中挑选一只好品种的母犬更重要的了” --Born to Win, by Patricia V. Craige
在选一只好的母犬或者培养一只母犬的时候需要有五点要仔细考虑的。
1.1 Breed type:
Different breeders may interpret breed type differently and it does not mean who is right or wrong. Breed type includes “Form and Function”
1.1 繁殖类型
不同的繁殖者理解的繁殖也有所不同,不在乎谁对谁错。饲养类型包括“体形和功能”
“In Siberian husky’s breed standard, MODERATE and MEDIUM are mentioned 18 times” – The Siberian husky breed focus by Thomas L. Oelschlager
在哈士奇的繁殖标准里中等的、适度的被提到18次--The Siberian husky breed focus by Thomas L. Oelschlager Basically, MODERATE and MEDIUM represent the Siberian husky breed type or characteristics. Each breed has different breed type (form and function), which is used to identify the breed.
基本上,中等和适度代表着哈士奇的养殖类型和特点。每一种繁殖有着不同的繁殖特点(形式和功能)用它来定义繁殖
For instance, Afghanistan is a mountainous country, therefore Afghan Hounds have steep pelvis because they excel in running uphill. However, the Siberian Husky should have normal pelvis because the Siberian Husky was imported into Alaska to be a sled dog who moves at a moderate speed. Due to this fact, their structure is more towards speed and endurance. Steep pelvis is disadvantageous to endurance dogs. Remember, when selecting a *** for breeding, the breeder should never select one with no breed characteristics to fulfil the breeding goal just because she is the only *** in the kennel. A quality brood *** must have correct breed type.
比如,阿富汗是一个多山的国家,因此阿富汗猎犬有着陡降的骨盆,因为他们善于奔跑上山。无论怎样,哈士奇应该有正常的骨盆,因为哈士奇作为雪橇犬移动的中等速度被引入阿拉斯加。根据这个原因,他们的结构更趋向于速度和耐力犬。记得当选一条母狗来繁殖,繁殖者绝不会因为他是犬舍里面唯一的母狗而选她来达到繁殖的目标。一条优质的种母犬必须有着正确的繁殖特点。
1.2 Soundness:
“Soundness is fitness to function.” – K-9 Structure & Terminology by Edward M. Gilbert, Jr. & Thelma R. Brown
1.2 稳固
“稳固是相对于功能而言的”-- K-9 Structure & Terminology by Edward M. Gilbert, Jr. & Thelma R. Brown
Breed type and soundness can never be separate in the breed because breed type represents “form and function” and soundness represents “fitness to function”. Each breed has its original functions. Dogs from each breed are required to have soundness to perform this function. Soundness also includes health. Likewise, breeders should never pick a working dog for breeding just because it is a healthy dog when the *** cannot perform her original breed function.
繁殖类型和稳固是在繁殖中绝对不会分开来的,因为繁殖类型代表着“体形和功能”,稳固则代表着“健康与功能”每一次的繁殖都有着他原始的功能。狗狗从每一次繁殖中都需要健康来达到这种功能。稳固也包括健康。同样的,繁殖者们当母狗不能达到他自己原始的繁殖状态的时候,绝不应该挑只是因为它是一条健康的犬去繁殖。
1.3 Anatomy, behaviour and movement (phenotype):
“Anatomy is a branch of biology that is the consideration of the structure of living things.” – Wikipedia
1.3 解剖学,行为和运动(显型)
解剖学是生物学的一个分支,他是生物结构必须要考虑的事情。
Canine anatomy is essential to breeding and is not only about structure. It includes the cardiovascular, digestive, endocrine, urinary, immune, integumentary, lymphatic, muscular, nervous, reproductive, respiratory and skeletal systems. But at the dog shows, judges usually are only be able to judge on skeleton, muscles, temperament and movement.
犬科解剖学不仅仅是关于狗的结构构造,还是繁殖中必须的。包括心血管,消化,内分泌,泌尿,免疫,外皮,淋巴,肌肉,神经,生殖,呼吸还有骨骼系统。但是当狗狗比赛的时候,裁判通常只是评判狗的骨架结构,肌肉,性格和动态。
A quality brood *** must have correct structure. It is almost impossible to radically correct some structural faults (such as shoulder placement) in only one to two generations. However, an ordinary *** without any obvious virtues should not be picked for breeding just because she does not have any obvious structural fault. Remember, breeding quality is hard.
好的种母必须要有正确的骨骼结构,几乎不太可能在1-2代狗狗中从根本上纠正一些结构上的缺陷(比如肩胛骨中间的空隙)。因此,一只没有任何明显优点的普通的母狗不应该被选作种母,而不是因为他没有明显的结构缺陷。请记住,繁殖质量是很困难的
A *** should have a stable temperament with intelligence because she is like a model of behaviour to her puppies. Therefore, any aggressive *** should not be selected in the breeding program.
一只母犬应该有着稳定的而聪明的性格,因为对于他的孩子们他就像一个行为举止上的范例。因此任何好斗的母狗不应该在繁殖过程中被选择。
Movement is another very important element to consider when selecting a quality brood ***. Up to the time of weaning, the dam is the main influence on her offspring. Puppies always learn from their dam, and this includes movement. If the *** does not have correct movement such as restricted stride, topline with up and down motion when moving, incorrect single-track movement and etc, put her in a loving pet home and never breed her. |
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